Article III, Section 2, Clause 1: Cases and controversies

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; –to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; –to all Cases of admiralty and maritime…continue reading →

Article III. The Judiciary

Article III defines the federal judiciary, Alexander Hamilton's "least dangerous branch" (Federalist 78). We agree with that characterization, but with the rueful observation that this is largely a matter of degree. At times, the federal judiciary has proven to be a powerful guarantor of American rights and of the constitutional…continue reading →

Article III, Section 3: Treason

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. The…continue reading →